CoCaml: Functional Programming with Regular Coinductive Types

Functional languages offer a high level of abstraction, which results in programs that are elegant and easy to understand. Central to the development of functional programming are inductive and coinductive types and associated programming constructs, such as pattern-matching. Whereas inductive types have a long tradition and are well supported in most languages, coinductive types are subject of more recent research and are less mainstream. We present CoCaml, a functional programming language extending OCaml, which allows us to define recursive functions on regular coinductive datatypes. These functions are defined like usual recursive functions, but parameterized by an equation solver. We present a full implementation of all the constructs and solvers and show how these can be used in a variety of examples, including operations on infinite lists, infinitary γ-terms, and p-adic numbers

Switzerland: National Trends in Sexual Behaviour in the Context of HIV/STI Behavioural Surveillance 1987–2012

Background: National trends in sexual behaviour have been assessed mainly in the context of the HIV related behavioural surveillance system set up in Switzerland between 1987 and 1992. Methods: Several populations are included in the system. Repeatedsurveys have been regularly conducted among the general population and youth, men having sex with other men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDU). Data on sexual behaviour are regularly recorded among people living with HIV/Aids (PLWHA) included in the Swiss HIV Cohort

Reluplex: An Efficient SMT Solver for Verifying Deep Neural Networks

Deep neural networks have emerged as a widely used and effective means for tackling complex, real-world problems. However, a major obstacle in applying them to safety-critical systems is the great difficulty in providing formal guarantees about their behavior. We present a novel, scalable, and efficient technique for verifying properties of deep neural networks (or providing counter-examples). The technique is based on the simplex method, extended to handle the non-convex Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function, which is a crucial ingredient in many modern neural networks. The verification procedure tackles neural networks as a whole, without making any simplifying assumptions. We evaluated our technique on a prototype deep neural network implementation of the next-generation airborne collision avoidance system for unmanned aircraft (ACAS Xu). Results show that our technique can successfully prove properties of networks that are an order of magnitude larger than the largest networks verified using existing methods.Comment: This is the extended version of a paper with the same title that appeared at CAV 201

Towards Physical Hybrid Systems

Some hybrid systems models are unsafe for mathematically correct but physically unrealistic reasons. For example, mathematical models can classify a system as being unsafe on a set that is too small to have physical importance. In particular, differences in measure zero sets in models of cyber-physical systems (CPS) have significant mathematical impact on the mathematical safety of these models even though differences on measure zero sets have no tangible physical effect in a real system. We develop the concept of "physical hybrid systems" (PHS) to help reunite mathematical models with physical reality. We modify a hybrid systems logic (differential temporal dynamic logic) by adding a first-class operator to elide distinctions on measure zero sets of time within CPS models. This approach facilitates modeling since it admits the verification of a wider class of models, including some physically realistic models that would otherwise be classified as mathematically unsafe. We also develop a proof calculus to help with the verification of PHS.Comment: CADE 201

P16-45. High avidity CD4+ T cell response directed to an immunodominant Gag epitope in HIV controllers: an ANRS EP36 study

International audiencen.

COVID‐19: The immediate response of European academic dental institutions and future implications for dental education

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had an immediate and dramatic impact on dental education. The Association of Dental Education in Europe decided to carry out an investigation to assess the immediate response of European Academic Dental Institutions. An online survey was sent to both member and non‐member dental schools to investigate the impact on non‐clinical and clinical education, assessment and the well‐being/pastoral care measures implemented. The preliminary findings and discussion are presented in this paper, for the responses collected between the 25th March and 5th April 2020. The survey at this time of publication is ongoing and detailed results can be accessed https://adee.org/covid-19-european-dental-education%E2%80%99s-immediate-response

Report on the first round of the Mock LISA Data Challenges

The Mock LISA Data Challenges (MLDCs) have the dual purpose of fostering the development of LISA data analysis tools and capabilities, and demonstrating the technical readiness already achieved by the gravitational-wave community in distilling a rich science payoff from the LISA data output. The first round of MLDCs has just been completed: nine data sets containing simulated gravitational wave signals produced either by galactic binaries or massive black hole binaries embedded in simulated LISA instrumental noise were released in June 2006 with deadline for submission of results at the beginning of December 2006. Ten groups have participated in this first round of challenges. Here we describe the challenges, summarise the results, and provide a first critical assessment of the entries.Comment: Proceedings report from GWDAW 11. Added author, added reference, clarified some text, removed typos. Results unchanged; Removed author, minor edits, reflects submitted versio

Tumour-derived and host-derived nitric oxide differentially regulate breast carcinoma metastasis to the lungs

To study the role of nitric oxide (NO) in lung metastasis of breast carcinoma, we isolated two cell clones (H and J) from the parental EMT-6 murine breast carcinoma cell line, based on their differential NO production. In vitro, EMT-6 J cells, but not EMT-6H cells, constitutively expressed inducible NO synthase (NOS II) and secreted high levels of NO. IL-1beta increased NO production in both clones, and TNF-alpha had a synergistic effect on IL-1beta-induced NO production, but NO production by EMT-6 J cells was always higher than by EMT-6H cells. Proliferation, survival and adhesion to lung-derived endothelial cells of both clones were similar and were not affected by NO. In vivo, both clones similarly located in the lungs of syngeneic mice 48 h after injection. However, EMT-6H cells were significantly more tumorigenic than EMT-6 J cells as assessed at later time points. Injection of EMT-6 J cells and simultaneous treatment of mice with aminoguanidine (AG), a NOS II inhibitor, significantly increased tumour formation. Injection of EMT-6H and EMT-6 J cells into NOS II-deficient mice resulted in a significant survival increase as compared with wild-type animals. Simultaneous administration of AG increased the death rate of NOS II-deficient mice injected with EMT-6 J cells. These results demonstrate that: (i) NO does not influence the early stages of tumour metastasis to the lungs and (ii) NOS II expression in tumour cells reduces, while NOS II expression in host cells enhances, tumour nodule development. In conclusion, the cellular origin and the local NO production are critical in the metastatic proces

Mapping HIV/STI behavioural surveillance in Europe

Published versio

O-Health-Edu: a vision for oral health professional education in Europe

This consensus paper reports on the process of developing a renewed vision for Oral Health Professional (OHP) education across Europe, and forms part of a larger EU-funded collaborative Erasmus+ project, “O-Health-Edu.” The vision aligns with the World Health Organisation milestones (2016) and resolutions (2021), and EU4Health programme (2020) objectives - and projects 20 years into the future, to 2040. This longitudinal vision takes a multi-stakeholder perspective to deliver OHP education that acts in the best interests of both students and patients, and sits within the context of a wider strategy for general health. Included, it is an infographic to help communicate the vision to various stakeholders of OHP education